Comparison of present and future water supply systems in Australia

The provided diagrams illustrate the current water supply infrastructure in Australia and a proposed future model. Overall, the transition from the present to the future system is marked by a shift towards water recycling, as the future design integrates storm water into the treatment process rather than allowing it to flow into the river.

In the present system, pure water is supplied to the city—comprising households, factories, and shops—directly from the dam and storage facilities. Simultaneously, the dam also feeds the water treatment plant. Waste water generated by the city is directed to the treatment plant, while storm water is discharged directly into the river, representing a linear flow of water resources.

Conversely, the future system proposes a more sustainable approach. While the dam continues to supply pure water to the city, the treatment plant's role is expanded. Instead of storm water being lost to the river, it is now diverted to the water treatment plant alongside waste water. Crucially, the treated water is then recycled back to the city, creating a circular system that reduces reliance on the dam and minimizes environmental discharge.