Writing Task 2 · Discussion (both views)

Plastic Pollution Solutions: Individual versus Institutional Responsibility: IELTS Writing Task 2 sample answer

An IELTS Writing Task 2 discussion essay question with a Band 8-style sample answer, the plan behind it, the vocabulary that lifts it and what an examiner looks for.
  • 280 words
  • Discussion (both views)
  • Academic
  • 40 minutes

The question

Plastic pollution is a major environmental problem. Some people think that individual actions are the key to solving this, while others believe that governments and corporations must take the lead. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

About 40 minutes. Write at least 250 words.

Discussion (both views)

Plan before you write

  1. 1

    Your position

    While individual efforts are commendable, real progress requires systemic changes led by governments and corporations.

  2. 2

    Paragraph 2

    Individual actions foster a culture of sustainability and personal accountability.

  3. 3

    Paragraph 3

    Governments and corporations hold the power to implement large-scale systemic changes that individuals cannot achieve alone.

  • →Explain both views fairly, with reasons or examples for each.
  • →If the prompt asks for your opinion, state it clearly and support it throughout the response.
  • →A separate paragraph for each view can help organise the discussion; make the relationship between the views clear.

Model answer

Band 8-style sample essay

This AI-generated teaching example illustrates target features; it has not received an official IELTS band. Compare its ideas and structure with your own response.

Band 8-style model280 words · use the structure and vocabulary, not the sentences

The proliferation of plastic waste has reached critical levels, threatening ecosystems globally. While some argue that the burden of mitigation lies with individual citizens, others contend that robust intervention from governments and corporations is essential to address this crisis effectively.

Proponents of individual responsibility suggest that personal choices are the primary drivers of societal change. When people actively reduce their consumption of single-use plastics, they send a clear signal to the market, forcing manufacturers to adapt. For instance, the widespread adoption of reusable shopping bags in many regions has significantly reduced the volume of plastic discarded in landfills. This grassroots approach fosters a culture of sustainability and encourages citizens to take ownership of their environmental footprint.

Conversely, many argue that individual actions are insufficient against the sheer scale of industrial plastic production. Governments and corporations possess the infrastructure and legislative authority to implement systemic changes that far outweigh individual efforts. By introducing strict regulations, such as banning microplastics in cosmetics or taxing non-recyclable packaging, authorities can enforce immediate industry-wide standards. A pertinent example is the recent move by global beverage companies to transition toward fully circular packaging models, a shift prompted by legal frameworks rather than consumer demand alone. Without top-down mandates, the pace of change remains too slow to combat the current rate of environmental degradation.

In my view, while individual consciousness is necessary for long-term cultural shifts, it is not a substitute for institutional action. True progress requires a collaborative approach where governments enforce regulations that compel corporations to innovate, thereby making sustainable choices the only viable option for the public. Relying solely on the individual is an impractical strategy for solving a problem of such global magnitude.

Model commentary

Features to notice in this model

This model aims to illustrate Band 8 features by providing a balanced, nuanced argument that directly addresses both perspectives while maintaining a clear, coherent position. A Band 6 response typically fails to discuss both sides adequately, often focusing only on individual recycling while ignoring the structural role of corporations.

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8 words

Vocabulary from the essay

  • proliferation

    the rapid increase in the number of something

  • mitigation

    the action of reducing the severity of something

  • grassroots

    involving the ordinary people in a society

  • systemic

    relating to a system as a whole

  • circular

    designed to be reused or recycled continuously

  • mandates

    official orders to do something required by law

  • degradation

    the process of damaging the quality of something

  • viable

    capable of working successfully or being effective

More words for this topic: IELTS vocabulary for environment.

Frequently asked questions

What type of essay is "Plastic Pollution Solutions: Individual versus Institutional Responsibility"?+

Discussion (both views). Explain both views fairly, with reasons or examples for each.

How many words should an IELTS Writing Task 2 essay be?+

At least 250 words, in about 40 minutes. This sample is 280 words, written to fit that time with five minutes left to check grammar.

How is IELTS Writing Task 2 scored?+

On four criteria: task response, coherence and cohesion, vocabulary, and grammatical range and accuracy. Task 2 counts for twice as much as Task 1 in your Writing band.

What is the difference between a Band 6 and a Band 8 answer here?+

This model aims to illustrate Band 8 features by providing a balanced, nuanced argument that directly addresses both perspectives while maintaining a clear, coherent position. A Band 6 response typically fails to discuss both sides adequately, often focusing only on individual recycling while ignoring the structural role of corporations.

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