A big problem for young people in Pakistan, in my opinion, is finding a decent job after graduating. I'm twenty-three and I finished a business degree in Peshawar last year, so this is very much my own situation as well as my friends'.
The people most affected are graduates from middle-class and lower-income families, especially those in smaller cities. If you don't have family connections or money to start a business, you can spend months, even years, applying for jobs. Several of my classmates are still unemployed, and a few are working in shops or driving ride-hailing cars, which has nothing to do with what they studied.
I think there are a few causes. The economy hasn't been growing fast enough to create jobs for the huge number of young people coming out of universities. On top of that, there's a gap between what we learn and what employers want. Our course was very theoretical; we memorised models but rarely used real software or did proper internships.
As for solutions, I believe universities could build stronger links with companies, so every student has to complete a paid placement before graduating. The government could also offer small, low-interest loans to young people who want to start businesses, with some training attached. And honestly, students themselves need to build practical skills outside class. I learned basic data analysis from free online courses, and that's what finally got me an interview at a logistics firm last month. It's not one single fix, but if these changes happened together, I think fewer young people would feel stuck or think their only option is to leave the country.