The Industrial Process of Manufacturing Pulp and Paper Products

The provided diagram illustrates the industrial stages involved in the production of pulp and paper, starting from raw timber and culminating in two distinct final product types. Overall, the process is linear until the pulp cleaning stage, after which it diverges into separate manufacturing paths depending on the intended use of the paper.

The initial phase of the process begins with trees, which are converted into logs and then processed through a chipping machine. These wood chips, supplemented by purchased chips, are fed into a digester. Following this, the material undergoes washing and screening to ensure the pulp is clean.

Once the pulp is cleaned, the production line splits. For the creation of rough paper used in boxes, the pulp passes through a former, followed by drying, reeling, and cutting, ultimately resulting in paper bales. Alternatively, for refined paper intended for printing, the pulp is processed through cleaners and dryers, followed by pressing and further drying, which finally produces paper rolls. Both paths share a common reliance on drying stages to transform the processed pulp into usable paper products, though the specific machinery and final forms differ significantly.