Waste disposal methods across four international cities

The bar chart illustrates the proportions of waste managed through four distinct disposal methods—landfill, incineration, recycling, and composting—across four cities: Toronto, Madrid, Kuala Lumpur, and Amman.

Overall, it is evident that landfill is the primary disposal method in Toronto and Amman, while incineration dominates in Madrid and Kuala Lumpur. Composting consistently remains the least utilised method across all four locations.

In Toronto, landfill accounts for a substantial 75% of total waste, significantly higher than the other three methods, which all remain below 12%. Conversely, Amman also relies heavily on landfill at 48%, followed by incineration at 38%. Recycling and composting in Amman are relatively low, at 11% and 3% respectively.

In contrast, incineration is the most prevalent method in Kuala Lumpur, accounting for 55% of waste, followed by recycling at 23% and landfill at 15%. Madrid shows a similar trend, with incineration being the most common method at 40%, followed by landfill at 29% and recycling at 23%. Composting figures are modest in all cities, peaking at 9% in Madrid and reaching a low of 3% in Amman.