Schools in many parts of the world are finding it increasingly difficult to recruit teachers, and some classes are now taught by staff without a qualification in the subject. This shortage stems mainly from the demanding nature of the job and its relatively low rewards, but governments and schools could take practical steps to make the profession more attractive.
The first cause is workload. Beyond teaching lessons, teachers are expected to plan, mark, write reports, attend meetings and communicate with parents, which frequently extends their working day well into the evening. Young graduates who observe this may decide that the job is incompatible with a balanced life. The second cause is pay. In many countries, a graduate can earn considerably more in business or technology, so capable candidates in subjects such as mathematics or computing are drawn to other careers. Finally, teachers often report that behaviour problems and a lack of respect from some parents have made classrooms more stressful.
To address these issues, governments should first reduce unnecessary administrative tasks, for example by simplifying reporting requirements and employing assistants to handle routine paperwork. This would allow teachers to concentrate on teaching itself. Secondly, salaries should be made more competitive, particularly in subjects where shortages are most severe, and new teachers could be offered incentives such as help with repaying student loans. Schools also need clear behaviour policies supported by senior staff, so that teachers do not feel alone when dealing with disruptive pupils.
In conclusion, the teacher shortage is largely the result of heavy workloads, modest pay and difficult working conditions. Reducing paperwork, improving salaries and strengthening support for discipline would encourage more talented graduates to enter the profession and, equally importantly, to remain in it.