PTE Academic · Write Essay

Dynamics of Online Crowdfunding

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  • PTE Academic
1

Public Funding of Scientific Research

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You will have 20 minutes to plan, write and revise an essay about the topic below. Your response will be judged on how well you develop a position, organise your ideas, present supporting details, and control the elements of standard written English. You should write 200–300 words.

Crowdfunding platforms increasingly allow researchers to bypass traditional grant-awarding bodies and secure funds directly from the public. Some argue that this democratises scientific inquiry, while others contend it risks promoting sensationalist rather than rigorous research. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

0 words · target 200–300 · 20 minutes in the test · spell-check is off, as in the test

Questions 2–3

You will have 20 minutes to plan, write and revise an essay about the topic below. Your response will be judged on how well you develop a position, organise your ideas, present supporting details, and control the elements of standard written English. You should write 200–300 words.

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2

Community Heritage Micro-Patronage

Micro-patronage websites enable communities to finance the restoration of local heritage sites and independent cultural projects. Do the advantages of relying on public micro-donations for cultural conservation outweigh the disadvantages? Support your answer with relevant examples.

3

Equity Crowdfunding for Start-ups

Many commercial enterprises now raise capital from thousands of individual retail investors online rather than relying on traditional venture capital. To what extent do you agree or disagree that this shift poses substantial financial risks for everyday participants?

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