You will have 20 minutes to plan, write and revise an essay about the topic below. Your response will be judged on how well you develop a position, organise your ideas, present supporting details, and control the elements of standard written English. You should write 200–300 words.
Modern container terminals are increasingly adopting automated cranes and driverless vehicles to handle cargo around the clock. Some argue that automation is essential for global supply chains, while others contend that the resulting job losses outweigh the economic benefits. Do the advantages of port automation outweigh the disadvantages?
0 words · target 200–300 · 20 minutes in the test · spell-check is off, as in the test
You will have 20 minutes to plan, write and revise an essay about the topic below. Your response will be judged on how well you develop a position, organise your ideas, present supporting details, and control the elements of standard written English. You should write 200–300 words.
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Many commercial container ports now require docked vessels to connect to land-based electrical grids rather than idling their diesel engines, a practice known as shore power or cold ironing. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of mandating this technology for maritime commerce.
Rapid growth in container vessel sizes has prompted many city authorities to relocate major freight terminals away from historical urban centres to remote deep-water coastlines. To what extent do you agree or disagree that moving freight infrastructure outside cities is the best approach to urban development? Support your position with relevant arguments.
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